Which of the following is a common complication of IV therapy?

• A. Infiltration
• B. Decubitus ulcer
• C. Atelectasis
• D. Deep vein thrombosis

Answer: (A)

Infiltration is a common issue with IV therapy. It happens when the IV catheter is not remaining inside a vein or the vein walls are damaged, allowing IV fluids to seep into surrounding tissue. The result is swelling around the insertion site, cool and pale skin, a taut or tight feeling, and sometimes discomfort. Infusion rate may slow or stop completely if leakage occurs. The best immediate steps are to stop the infusion, remove or reposition the cannula, and start a new IV in a different vein. Elevate the limb if swelling is present, and apply a cold compress initially to reduce swelling and pain (switching to a warm compress if phlebitis develops). Reassess patency and skin integrity, and document any tissue changes.

Decubitus ulcers arise from prolonged pressure on a area of skin and are not tied to IV administration. Atelectasis involves the lungs and is related to breathing issues rather than IV access. Deep vein thrombosis can be a serious vascular complication in some settings, but it is not a common direct complication of IV therapy itself; infiltration remains the most typical site-related issue with peripheral IVs.