Which respiratory complication is commonly associated with immobility?

• A. Decubitus ulcer
• B. Hypo pneumonia
• C. Atelectasis
• D. Deep vein thrombosis

Answer: (C)

Immobility reduces chest expansion and the ability to cough effectively, leading to shallow breathing and poor clearance of secretions. When parts of the lung aren’t well ventilated, air is absorbed from the alveoli and they collapse—this is atelectasis. With alveoli collapsed, gas exchange drops and the risk of infection increases because secretions pool in the poorly inflated areas. Preventing it involves encouraging deep breathing and coughing, using incentive spirometry, frequent turning and mobilization as tolerated, and ensuring good hydration to thin secretions. While immobility can contribute to other issues like pressure ulcers or venous clots, the respiratory complication most directly linked to immobility is atelectasis.