Which technique is used to measure urine output accurately?

• A. Pulse oximetry
• B. I&O documentation (intake and output)
• C. Daily weights
• D. Urine dipstick only

Answer: (B)

Measuring urine output accurately relies on quantifying exactly how much urine is produced over a set period and comparing it with intake. The best way to achieve this is through intake and output documentation. By using a calibrated collection device and recording the precise urine volume alongside all fluid intake, you obtain a clear picture of fluid balance and can detect changes in renal function or hydration status early. Urine dipstick only shows what’s in the urine chemically, not how much urine is produced. Daily weights reflect overall fluid shifts but don’t provide an exact measure of urine output. Pulse oximetry monitors oxygen levels, not urinary production.